Exploring the Properties and Functions of Buffer Solutions to Determine the Optimal Buffer Solution
Buffer solutions are used in chemistry as well as everyday products to resist rapid changes in pH. The effectiveness of buffer solutions can be determined by calculating the buffer capacity of the solution; the higher the buffer capacity the better the buffer. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the optimal buffer. The buffer capacity was calculated with the data collected from two differing titration setups with different molarities of buffer solutions, 0.100 M, 0.300 M, and 0.500 M. The first experimental setup contained the buffer solution analyte and the sodium hydroxide titrant; this setup was named the “basic titrant.” The second setup contained the sodium hydroxide analyte and the buffer solution titrant; this setup was named the “acidic titrant.” It was hypothesized that the basic titrant with the buffer solution at the highest molarity of 0.500 M would yield the highest buffer capacity. Data was recorded using a drop counter and pH sensor which recorded the amount of solution or base that was dropped into the beaker in mL as well as the changing pH in LoggerPro software. Descriptive analysis was able to detect the average buffer capacity of the trials from the acidic and basic side. After analyzing the data, the hypothesis was accepted. Not only would the scientific community benefit from future research, but society as a whole. Most biochemical processes work within a relatively small pH range. Also the body uses buffer solutions to maintain a constant pH. Blood contains a carbonate/bicarbonate buffer that keeps the pH close to 7; if the pH shifts even slightly, the result could be death. Additionally, products such as shampoos and lotions use buffers to maintain a slightly acidic pH balance; this keeps the shampoo from burning skin when used.
Research Conducted By:
Rachelle Buna
Sterling Heights High School
Julie Pisarski
Sterling Heights High School
Warren Consolidated Schools